2 - HUMAN NUTRITION 

Balanced diet 

• Gives all essential nutrients in right proportions 
• Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water 
• Fibre

Carbohydrates - 

• Pasta, rice, sugar 
• Provide energy 

Lipids (fats and oils) - 

• Butter, oily fish 
• Provide energy 
• Act as energy store 
• Provide insulation 

Proteins - 

• Meat, fish 
• Growth and repair of tissue 
• Provides energy in emergencies 

Vitamins -

1 - Vitamin A 

• Liver 
• Improves vision 
• Keeps skin and hair healthy 

2 - Vitamin C  

• Oranges 
• Prevents scurvy 

3 - Vitamin D 

• Eggs 
• Calcium absorption 

Mineral ions - 

1 - Calcium 

• Milk, cheese 
• Makes bones and teeth 

2 - Iron 

• Red meat 
• Makes haemoglobin 
• Healthy blood 

Water - 

• Food, drink 
• Most bodily functions 
• Homeostasis 
• Replaces water lost through urinating, breathing and sweating etc 

Dietary fibre - 

• Wholemeal bread 
• Movement of food through gut 

Energy requirements - 

• Activity level - active people need more energy 
• Age - children/teenagers need more energy than older people - growth, generally more active 
• Pregnancy - pregnant women need more energy - provide energy baby needs for development